In the Covid-19 aware world of today the importance of disinfection and sanitisation are appreciated. We all know that decent quality disinfection is crucial for maintaining a healthy environment, both at home and in the workplace. General understanding of the science behind the disinfection and sanitation process helps us to get effective results in an efficient manner.
What is the Science Behind Disinfecting?
Disinfection is about ridding surfaces of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. If we cannot be rid of these things, we should be able to reduce them by 99%. The process uses chemical agents known as disinfectants that either destroy the cell walls of microbes or interfere with their metabolism.
What Makes a Disinfectant Effective?
There are a few important factors that influence the effectiveness of disinfectants.
Concentration and Contact Time: The concentration of a disinfectant and the time it remains in contact with the surface are important. Basically, higher concentrations and longer contact times increase effectiveness. But there is a limit. Once the microorganisms have been killed, the longer contact time no longer makes a difference. And if a concentration of disinfectant is too high it might damage the surface it is sprayed on. A moderate concentration and higher contact time might be preferable.
Type of Microorganism: Different disinfectants work with different types of microorganisms. Understanding the specific pathogens present can guide the choice of disinfectant.
Surface Cleanliness: A surface should be cleaned before the disinfectant is applied, as any organic matter or dirt on that surface may reduce the disinfectant’s effect. Surface cleaning removes some microorganisms, so the disinfectant has an easier job dealing with the remaining pathogens.
Environmental Conditions: Temperature and pH (acidity) can affect the performance of disinfectants. Most commercial disinfectants are designed to work at room temperature and a neutral pH.
How Can Cleaning and Sanitizing Be Effective?
Effective cleaning and sanitizing involve a systematic approach:
Pre-Cleaning: Remove visible surface dirt and debris. This reduces the load of organic material that can inhibit disinfectant action. We remove some of the microorganisms, and the environment that feed them.
Application of Disinfectant: Apply the disinfectant uniformly and be sure to completely cover the entire surface. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding concentration and contact time. Some surfaces will not tolerate some disinfectants, so if you are working with leather, fine wood, plastics, or anything valuable, check the manufacturer’s instructions to see if it is safe. If possible, then spot check the disinfectant on a less noticeable surface.
Rinsing and Drying: Some disinfectants may require rinsing after application, this is especially important in kitchens or dining areas. Allow the surface to dry as this benefits the disinfection process.
How Do You Ensure Effective Disinfection?
To ensure effective disinfection, follow these steps:
Use Appropriate Disinfectants: Choose a disinfectant designed to be effective against the specific microorganisms that you are dealing with.
Follow Manufacturer’s Instructions: Adhere to the recommended dilution, application method, and contact time. Look to see if any particular surface materials are not suitable for that type of disinfectant.
Regular Cleaning and Disinfection Schedule: Establish and keep a regular cleaning and disinfection schedule for ensuring ongoing safetly. One option is to disinfect late on a Friday, so any fumes are gone when work resumes on Monday morning.
What is the Test for Disinfectant Effectiveness?
The effectiveness of a disinfectant is often tested using laboratory methods such as the AOAC Use-Dilution Test. This test involves applying the disinfectant to a surface contaminated with a specific type of bacteria and then evaluating the reduction in microbial count.
What Determines the Effectiveness of an Antibacterial Agent?
The effectiveness of an antibacterial agent is determined by:
Spectrum of Activity: Does it kill a wide range of microorganisms or does it target only one specific type of pathogen.
Mode of Action: How the agent disrupts microbial cells (e.g., disrupting cell walls, denaturing proteins).
Environmental Stability: How stable the agent is under different environmental conditions. Look at temperatures, Ph levels (acidity), ventilation other chemicals in the vicinity.
Key Factors for Choosing a Disinfectant
When choosing a disinfectant, consider the following key factors:
- Efficacy: Is it killing the specific pathogens that are an issue.
- Safety: Potential harm to nearby humans, pets, animals, plants.
- Surface Compatibility: Suitability for the surfaces to be treated.
- Cost: Economic considerations based on usage and frequency.
What Does Disinfectant Depend On?
The ability of a disinfectant to perform effectively depends on:
Concentration and Formulation: Correct preparation and application as per guidelines.
Application Method: Ensuring even coverage and adequate contact time.
Surface Condition: Cleanliness and material of the surface being disinfected.
Relating These Ideas to Home Cleaning
In the home setting, these principles remain equally important. Regular cleaning followed by proper disinfection can significantly reduce the risk of infections.
Are There Alternative to Disinfectants?
In some cases, we can use other methods to get rid of bacteria and other nasty microorganisms.
Ozone
An ozone generator can be used in a vacated room to get rid of many microorganisms. Is should be on a timer and left for a few hours. The room must be tightly sealed, and all living plants and animals removed. Afterwards, the room should be aired out. This method is good for disinfecting small and hidden areas.
Hot Water Washing
Clothes and fabrics can sometimes be disinfected in a washing machine. Hot water goes a long way to removing any microorganisms. Some washing powders are also very good for disinfecting. Of course, not all fabrics and materials can be put in the wash.
Hot water On Hard Surfaces
A few surfaces like metal or hard plastic can be cleaned with boiling water. Steam mops are very effective on tiles and some hard floors.
UV Light
Ultraviolet light (UV), similar to the type that causes sunburn, will disinfect many surfaces. But the process often takes 20 minutes or more, and UV is dangerous to the eyes and skin if the exposure is longer than a minute, perhaps less than a minute. This is best used for small items, such medical and dental tools.
Heat
Common cold viruses will break down in higher temperatures, perhaps 35 degrees Celsius. This is thought to be the reason that the flu is less common in summer months. Heating a room for a few hours will destroy some types of common bacteria and viruses, but not all.
Applying these Practices:
We recommend some consistent hygiene practices in Sydney childcare centre cleaning, Sydney CBD Office cleaning, and any Commercial cleaning.
- Routine Cleaning: Clean high-touch surfaces like doorknobs, light switches, and countertops daily.
- Choose the Right Disinfectants: Use household disinfectants that are effective against common pathogens, following the product instructions for use.
- Maintain Hygiene Practices: Encourage good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, to complement surface disinfection.
By understanding the science behind disinfection and implementing these practices, you can create a safer and healthier environment, both in commercial spaces and at home.
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